The rise was driven by significant increases in fatalities in Asia and Oceania (up by 59 per cent from 2020)-mostly due to increases in Afghanistan, Myanmar and Pakistan-and sub-Saharan Africa (up by 19 per cent). The total estimated number of conflict-related fatalities increased to about 150 000 in 2021, which was 13 per cent higher than in 2020. Two other armed conflicts were fought between state forces and armed groups aspiring to statehood (between Israel and the Palestinians and between Turkey and the Kurds). Only three armed conflicts were fought between states: the low-level border clashes between India and Pakistan Armenia and Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. A total of 19 were high-intensity armed conflicts (with 1000–9999 conflict-related deaths): Nigeria, Ethiopia, Mexico, Syria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Brazil, Somalia, Iraq, Burkina Faso, South Sudan, Mali, Sudan, the Central African Republic, Niger, Cameroon, Pakistan, Colombia, Mozambique and the Philippines. Three were major armed conflicts (with more than 10 000 conflict-related deaths in the year): Afghanistan, Yemen and Myanmar. As in preceding years, most took place within a single country (intra-state), between government forces and one or more armed non-state group(s). Active armed conflicts occurred in at least 46 states in 2021 (one fewer than in 2020): 8 were in the Americas, 9 in Asia and Oceania, 3 in Europe, 8 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and 18 in sub-Saharan Africa.
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